A arte da gramática (1595) de José de Anchieta: projeto pedagógico e tradução intercultural da descrição linguística a partir de suas fontes latinas e humanistas

Abstract

This thesis investigates, from the perspective of Linguistic Historiography, José de Anchieta’s Arte de gramática da língua mais usada na costa do Brasil (1595), seeking to understand how the Jesuit undertakes the grammatization of tupinambá through categories derived from Latin and humanist grammatical traditions. The research begins from the problem of understanding how Anchieta employs European descriptive models in the systematization of a non-written Indigenous language and how this procedure relates to Jesuit education, catechesis, and the colonial context of the sixteenth century. Methodologically, the study is grounded in the principles of Linguistic Historiography proposed by Koerner, especially the principles of contextualization, immanence, and historical adequacy, articulated with Swiggers’ theory of the four layers. The investigation develops an immanent analysis of Anchieta’s grammar, considering its internal categories, structural organization, and the descriptive procedures employed by the author. The results indicate that Anchieta’s work constitutes an instrument of intercultural translation and grammatization marked by the strong influence of the Greco-Latin tradition, especially authors such as Donatus, Despauterius, Nebrija, and João de Barros. It was observed that Anchieta organizes tupinambá according to European categories, even though the very structure of the Indigenous language frequently imposes conceptual adaptations and displacements. It is concluded that Anchieta’s grammar simultaneously participates in the Jesuit pedagogical project, in the colonial dynamics of domination, and in the historical constitution of linguistic thought in Brazil, while also preserving important records of the Tupinambá language.