Fatores associados ao desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas em indivíduos com histórico familiar

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are one of the main causes of morbidity, mortality and disability in individuals worldwide. Its risk factors can be modifiable, such as lifestyle and eating habits, and non-modifiable, such as gender, age and genetic inheritance. Better understanding these factors and how they affect the emergence of these diseases is essential to guide strategies and public policies that can act to prevent, resolve or reduce the problem. Objective: To present and describe the results of routine examinations over a four-year period of individuals who reported a family history of NCDs. Methods: This study is part of CUME (Mineiras Universities Cohort Project) whose primary objective is to evaluate the impact of Brazilian dietary patterns, food groups and specific dietary factors on the development of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases. This is a prospective cohort study using data from questionnaires, administered respectively in 2016 and 2020 online. The variables analyzed were family history of chronic non-communicable diseases, sex, age, race and ethnicity, income, education, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), regular physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, triglycerides , total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, blood glucose, blood pressure and diagnosis of chronic non-communicable diseases (obesity, systemic arterial hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and cancer). To verify the association between the variables, the Mann Kendall test will be applied. The measures analyzed will be the Kendall Correlation Coefficient (Kendall tau) and the p-value indicating significance with values <0.0001. Results: The sample consisted of 853 individuals, who reported not having a diagnosis of chronic non-communicable diseases, but have a family history. They answered the questionnaires in 2016 and 2020. The median age was 34 years and interquartile range (IQ ) aged 11, the majority were female (66.4%), white (63.8%), married (43.7%), with a master's degree (32.7%), with an average family income showing a median of R$8,000.00 and an individual income of R$4,500.00. They are mainly: non-smokers (80.7%), alcohol drinkers (74.3%) and report their health status as “good” (49%). Regarding the food frequency questionnaire, the median caloric intake of participants was 2,157 kcal per day. Conclusion: The results presented regarding the emergence of NCDs over the four years present inconclusive data, however, the changes in screening tests, mainly increases in triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and blood glucose were important to demonstrate a change in habits and lifestyle of the monitored population.