Emissões de gases de efeito estufa em edificações no Brasil: análise da responsabilidade do empreendedor com base no ciclo de vida e em estratégias de mitigação

Abstract

The civil construction sector plays an important role in the Brazilian economy while also contributing significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with material production, construction activities, and building operation. In this context, this dissertation analyzes GHG emissions from buildings in Brazil based on a life cycle perspective, articulated with the scope-based classification of the GHG Protocol, with emphasis on identifying the degree of influence and responsibility of builders and developers. The research adopts an exploratory and analytical approach, grounded in bibliographic and documentary review, with systematization of data from national and international literature as well as Brazilian public databases. The results discuss indicative ranges of CO₂e emissions per square meter of buildings, the distribution of emissions across life cycle stages, and their correspondence with GHG Protocol scopes 1, 2, and 3. Based on this analysis, a conceptual model for emission mitigation and responsibility is proposed, incorporating the adoption of mitigating construction solutions and compensation mechanisms, aiming to balance environmental effectiveness with market acceptability in the construction sector. The study contributes to the discussion on management instruments and public policies aimed at reducing GHG emissions in buildings within the Brazilian context.