O tratamento da superfície do implante buscando a otimização da osseointegração: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Osseointegration consists of an anchoring mechanism in which non-vital components can be reliably incorporated into living bone. This phenomenon does not derive from an advantageous biological response, but from the lack of a negative tissue response. Some physical-chemical components alter the response of bone metabolism, which can modify the time of total recovery as well as the quality and quantity of bone deposited. Roughness stands out because this characteristic influences the behavior of osteoprecursor cells, stimulating proliferation and inducing osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, the conventional protocol for loading the implant lasts from 0 to 9 months, which is not ideal in areas where aesthetic rigor is greater. Thus, research on surfaces that have greater osteoconductive capacity, reducing restoration time and maintaining long-term success rates, has intensified. The aim of this study was to review the various methods of implant surface treatment to understand their benefits for osseointegration and their biological effects. The following types of modification were addressed: machining, plasma spray, sandblasting, laser beam modification, acid etching, sandblasting with acid etching, anodizing, hydrophilic surfaces, and biomimetic coatings.