Morbidade hospitalar por Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1, Minas Gerais, 2018 - 2024: análise descritiva, temporal e espacial

Abstract

Introduction: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1) is a complex and autoimmune condition that can lead to hospitalizations, deaths, and high hospital costs. Objective: To analyze the pattern of hospitalizations for DM1 among residents of Minas Gerais from 2018 to 2024, considering temporal and spatial trends, sociodemographic characteristics, and hospital costs. Method: A time-series study with descriptive and spatial analysis, using data from the Brazilian Unified Health System Hospital Information System related to ICD-10 E10. Hospitalizations and deaths were analyzed by sex, age group, race/skin color, and year. Hospitalization rates per 100,000 inhabitants and in-hospital case fatality (%) were calculated. Temporal trends were analyzed using segmented regression in interrupted time series, and spatial autocorrelation using global Moran’s I and LISA. Results: A total of 52,598 hospitalizations and 1,554 in-hospital deaths were recorded, with higher hospitalization rates among males (38.7/100,000), higher case fatality among females (3.2%), and predominance of hospitalizations among mixed-race individuals (50.5%). Older adults aged ≥50 years presented higher hospitalization rates, and those aged ≥80 years showed higher case fatality. Diabetic ketoacidosis was the main cause of hospitalization, and the average hospital cost was R$1,111,00. There was an increase in hospitalizations in the pre-pandemic period, followed by an immediate reduction during the pandemic, as well as spatial autocorrelation with persistent high-risk clusters in the Central and Southeastern macroregions. Conclusion: An increase in hospitalizations for DM1 and temporal and spatial heterogeneity was observed, indicating the need to strengthen Health Care Network and regional actions to reduce avoidable hospitalizations.