Otimização de guias cirúrgicas para osteotomia periacetabular utilizando scripting em python e método dos elementos finitos

Abstract

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) is an anatomical deformity that often requires surgical intervention, with Periacetabular Osteotomy (PAO) being the treatment of choice for skeletally mature patients. The use of patient-specific surgical guides, manufactured via 3D printing, has improved the precision of this procedure; however, the excessive volume of these devices can increase surgical invasiveness. This work aimed to develop an automated computational routine for the topology optimization of these guides, seeking mass reduction without structural compromise. To overcome the difficulties of direct manipulation of orphan meshes (STL) and topological continuity errors identified in preliminary studies, a methodology based on simplified parametric geometry was adopted. Using the Python language and the Abaqus/CAE scripting interface, a heuristic algorithm was implemented to dynamically adjust geometry control points in response to Von Mises stress levels. The method was applied to a test group containing one base geometry and nine real patient-specific geometries. The results showed a volume reduction ranging from 23.40% to 57.40%, with an average of approximately 45%, keeping the volume of plastified material below the established 10% safety criterion. It is concluded that the automated parametric approach is effective for the design of more efficient surgical instruments, reducing printing time and enhancing the clinical application of less invasive guides.