Doença periodontal e estado redox: insights sobre o impacto da obesidade no equilíbrio oxidativo sistêmico

Abstract

Periodontal disease (PD) is a condition that can lead to the loss of dental supportiveand protective structures due to its inflammatory nature. PD exhibits a chronic, low-grade systemic inflammatory profile and may be associated with alterationsinsystemic oxidative levels, which in turn can be linked to the development of otherdiseases. Obesity is another prevalent condition in the population that alsocarriesaninflammatory character and affects the organism’s redox state. Therefore, it isessential to investigate these diseases in relation to the systemic oxidativebalanceofindividuals with different nutritional and periodontal statuses. In this cross-sectional study, 18 individuals underwent periodontal and anthropometric evaluationsandwere grouped according to BMI and periodontal status: I) NHP: normal weight +periodontally healthy; II) NG: normal weight + gingivitis; III) OBG: obesity +gingivitis;IV) OBP: obesity + periodontitis. In addition to these evaluations, bloodsampleswere collected for the analysis of systemic oxidative stress markers in plasmaanderythrocytes (TBARS, total antioxidant capacity, SOD, CAT). Regardingperiodontal parameters, the OBP group presented higher BOP (bleeding on probing) valuesthanthenon-obese groups. However, there was no significant difference betweenBOPmeasurements in the obese groups or among individuals with gingivitis. Furthermore, theOBP group presented higher clinical attachment level (CAL) values than the other groups(p< 0.05). OBG and OBP had higher BMI, fat mass, and waist circumference (p <0.001). TheOBP group presented higher plasma TBARS levels (p < 0.05) compared to theNHPgroup,higher SOD activity (p < 0.05) compared to the normal weight groups, and lower CAT(p<0.05). Protein carbonylation increased significantly in the OBG group (p < 0.05) comparedtothe other groups. Positive correlations were observed between plasma TBARSandprobingdepth (r=0.527; p<0.04) and between protein carbonyls and plaque index (r=0.416; p<0.05).CAT and SOD showed negative correlations with periodontal inflammatory parameters,especially among obese participants. Although the study does not allowfor deductionsaboutcausality, it was possible to fully analyze the parameters of the periodontal, anthropometric,and biochemical status of these individuals, which allows for an improvement intheclinical approach to patients with obesity and periodontitis.