Análise técnica e comparativa de procedimentos preventivos e corretivos para umidade ascensional

Abstract

Rising damp is a pathological manifestation frequently observed in buildings, related to the ascent of water from the soil through capillary action to the foundations and masonry. Its occurrence is generally associated with the absence or inadequate execution of waterproofing systems during the foundation phase, which can result in functional, structural, and aesthetic damage, as well as compromising the durability of the construction and affecting the health of its users. This study aims to analyze the main techniques used in the prevention and treatment of this pathological manifestation and evaluate their effectiveness and economic viability. The methodology adopted is based on a literature review and comparative analysis of methods for controlling rising damp, such as drainage systems, foundation waterproofing, physical and chemical barriers, and mortars with additives. The results indicate that there is no single solution for treating rising damp, requiring the selection of the most appropriate method according to the characteristics of the building. Physical barriers and hygroregulated ventilation systems offer benefits related to moisture protection and property preservation, although they have limitations associated with cost and the risk of instability in the masonry during execution. Pressure injection requires specific equipment, while mortars with crystallizing additives and surface barriers offer more accessible application alternatives. It is concluded that the choice of treatment techniques, based on accurate diagnosis and normative criteria, contributes to the reduction of pathological manifestations and to the increase in the durability of buildings.