Turismo costeiro, biodiversidade e comunidade tradicionais: perspectivas para a sustentabilidade

Abstract

Coastal tourism constitutes one of the main economic activities along the Brazilian coastline, while simultaneously promoting significant socio-environmental transformations. This study aims to analyze, from a theoretical perspective, the relationships between coastal tourism, socio-environmental sustainability, and the recognition of traditional communities dependent on the ocean in Brazil, identifying tools for more sustainable, participatory, and inclusive public management. The research is descriptive in nature, adopting a qualitative-quantitative approach based on a literature review conducted in accordance with the PRISMA protocol. Searches were carried out in the Web of Science and SciELO databases, covering the period from 2015 to 2025 and including articles published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish that addressed tourism along the Brazilian coast. The results indicate that tourism without proper planning and disorderly urbanization constitute the main drivers of environmental and social pressure, leading to ecosystem degradation, territorial conflicts, and the weakening of traditional communities. Although management instruments exist, coastal governance remains fragile, marked by institutional fragmentation and limited social participation. It is concluded that sustainability in Brazilian coastal tourism still appears more as a normative guideline than as a consolidated practice. An integrated approach to coastal areas is therefore required, with strengthened decentralized management, the incorporation of ecological boundaries, greater articulation between environmental conservation, social inclusion and territorial planning.