Conhecimento sobre infecção pelo Papilomavírus Humano e aceitabilidade de sua vacina no município de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the knowledge of users and health professionals from a Primary Health Care Unit (UAPS) in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, prevention methods, and perceptions about vaccination. This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted through the application of a structured questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics, understanding of HPV transmission, its association with cancer, and attitudes regarding immunization. The results showed that higher educational level and income were associated with greater knowledge about HPV. Significant knowledge gaps were identified among older adults, who often act as caregivers for adolescents, and among young people, the age group with the highest prevalence of HPV infection. Among health professionals, particularly community health workers, a need for further conceptual strengthening about HPV and vaccination was observed. Nonetheless, most participants demonstrated a favorable attitude toward immunization: 89.6% reported they would recommend the vaccine to children, relatives, or friends, and only 13.1% believed that vaccination could encourage early sexual activity. The findings indicate that, despite the generally positive perception of the vaccine, misinformation persists and may hinder vaccine uptake. The study highlights the importance of strengthening Continuing Education in Health, promoting intersectoral actions involving health and education, and implementing communication strategies capable of expanding access to reliable information. Enhancing these practices is essential to overcoming cultural barriers, increasing vaccination coverage, and contributing to the reduction of cervical cancer incidence and other HPV-related diseases.