Estudo in vitro da toxicidade e do potencial osteogênico de pó de osso trabecular bovino descelularizado utilizando células-tronco

Abstract

Bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising field in the development of biocompatible scaffolds capable of promoting the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the viability and the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from human deciduous dental pulp (SHED) cultured in contact with decellularized bovine trabecular bone. Cell viability was assessed using the Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Blue (MTT) assay, the results of which demonstrated that SHED exhibited proliferative behavior comparable to the positive control, indicating the absence of cytotoxicity and confirming the biocompatibility of the scaffold. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by Alizarin Red staining, which revealed intense deposition of mineralized matrix in the groups containing the biomaterial, whereas control wells without the scaffold exhibited significantly lower mineralization. These findings indicate that decellularized bone preserves bioactive extracellular matrix cues capable of stimulating mineralization and osteogenic maturation of stem cells. Thus, the combination of the scaffold’s three-dimensional structural support and its bioactive components promotes a favorable microenvironment for in vitro osteogenesis. In summary, this study demonstrates that decellularized bovine trabecular bone is a promising scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications, providing support to SHED, with potential for regenerative therapies. Future studies may explore its application in preclinical models and its integration with additional bioactive factors to further enhance osteogenic differentiation and functional bone tissue formation.