Por uma crítica cosmopolita das crises no capitalismo

Abstract

The dissertation "Towards a Cosmopolitan Critique of Crises in Capitalism" argues that contemporary crises are multifaceted, extending beyond the economy to impact social, environmental, and epistemic spheres. In this sense, the work proposes a cosmopolitan critique, utilizing a relational sociological approach that integrates ancestral knowledge to destabilize and denaturalize the modern way of life, which is based on a utilitarian logic and the maximization of individual interests and profits. The research uses Charles Taylor's (2010) concept of social imaginaries, recognizing cultural hybridity and openness to post-colonial thought as fundamental for building more sustainable, egalitarian, and solidarity-based ways of life. To this end, the dissertation presents the gift system, the Pacha Mama philosophy, and the Ubuntu ethic as heterotopic alternatives. The gift, with its obligations to give, receive, and reciprocate, is seen as a way to strengthen social bonds. The Andean philosophy of Pacha Mama advocates for a relationship of interdependence and respect with the Earth. The African philosophy of Ubuntu, in turn, emphasizes interconnection and solidarity, contrasting with individualism. The work concludes that overcoming crises requires a transdisciplinary and cosmopolitan dialogue, grounded in the valuing of plural knowledge, aiming to build more just and equitable futures.