Associação entre a doença periodontal e as doenças cardiovasculares: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Periodontal disease (PD) is an inflammatory and multifactorial disease initiated by a group of specific bacteria and characterized by a complex host-biofilm interaction, affecting around 20 to 50% of the global population. On the other hand, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) encompass a set of pathologies and are among the main causes of mortality, presenting a significant importance in global public health. There is currently much discussion about the effects of PD on CVDs. The aim of this study was to report, through a literature review, the plausible association between these two pathologies. PD is a potential risk factor that can significantly influence the development of CVDs, especially atherosclerosis, hypertension and bacterial endocarditis. Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain this association: bacteremia, since oral bacteria can enter the systemic circulation, and chronic inflammation resulting from PD, which promotes the release of various proinflammatory mediators into the bloodstream. Furthermore, it has been observed that improving the condition of one disease has a positive impact on the condition of the other. Periodontal therapy stood out for its favorable results in the treatment of CVDs. However, more studies need to be carried out in an attempt to provide a more evident and consolidated link between PD and CVD in order to help the approach and management during the diagnosis and treatment of these respective pathologies.