Doenças orais na gestação e a importância do pré-natal odontológico

Abstract

In order to meet the needs of mother and baby, the increase in hormonal secretion induces numerous physical and psychological changes in pregnant women, including changes in the oral cavity. A series of oral diseases can be exacerbated during this period, and if they are either not prevented or not treated, they can be associated with unfavorable outcomes related to childbirth. This study aimed to review and discuss the literature on oral diseases present in pregnancy and the importance of prenatal dental care. Approximately 90% of pregnant women present carious lesions during pregnancy, which is justified by the greater consumption of carbohydrates, increased contamination of the oral cavity by Streptococcus mutans and high levels of salivary cortisol. Gingivitis and periodontal disease are also common diseases during pregnancy, present in more than 80% of pregnant women. These diseases can be a risk factor for preeclampsia, in addition to being associated with premature birth and low birth weight. Conventional periodontal treatment, with scaling and root planing, use of mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine and oral hygiene performed by the pregnant woman herself are effective ways of control and treatment. Most pregnant women do not attend dental appointments during pregnancy, demonstrating the need to increase access to appointments and to conduct education campaigns for this population.